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ALLISON

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Meningococcal infection is caused by a bacteria (germ) called meningococcus and can cause serious infections including:

~Meningitis- an infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord.
~Septicaemia- a serious infection of the blood.
~Other parts of the body (such as in the joints).

These infections can develop and become critical very quickly. Meningococcal infection may cause life long disabilities or death in about 1 in 10 people. Many people carry the bacteria in their noses and throats without getting Sick

. They are called healthy carriers. These carriers can spread the bacteria to other people. The meningococcus bacteria is spread by tiny drops of fluid from the nose and throat through coughing, sneezing and spluttering and sharing eating and drinking utensils. It is not easy to get infected because, once out of the body the bacteria do not live long.

Signs and Symtoms

Children and adults may have one or more of these symptoms:

~High fever (temperature over 39oC)
~Severe headache
~Stiffness and pain in the neck, shoulders, back, and other muscles
~Skin rash of small bright red spots or purple spots or bruises which do not turn white (blanch) when you push on them
~Dislike of bright lights (photophobia)
~Lethargy, drowsiness or confusion
~Nausea and vomiting.

Babies may:

~Have a fever (temperature above 38oC)
~Have a high pitched moaning cry
~Be irritable, agitated or just be unsettled
~Be refusing or not waking for feeds
~Be vomiting
~Be difficult to wake or lethargic
~Have pale or blotchy skin
~Have a rash of small bright red spots or purple spots or bruises which do not turn white (blanch) when you push on them.

In newborns and babies, the typical symptoms may be hard to detect.

Symptoms will show up within 2-10 days ( but usually 3-4 days) after your child has been in contact with meningococcus. Symptoms often begin suddenly.

Anyone showing signs of meningococcal infection needs to see a doctor immediately.

Teatment

~If your child has symptoms of meningococcus they will be treated in hospital with antibiotics.
~Early treatment with antibiotics is the key to saving their life.
~Diagnosis is not always easy to make in the beginning. If your child is sent home by the doctor or hospital and becomes worse or doesn’t improve, take them straight back to the nearest hospital.

Treatment for Contact People

If your child has been in contact with a person who has meningococcus they may need antibiotic treatment. Contacts people may include:

~Somebody who lives in the same house and shares meals and living space.
~A person who has contact with your child's mouth or nose secretions. This can happen by using the same eating and drinking utensils, through kissing (remember boyfriends/girlfriends) or by sharing toys or cigarettes (in adolescents/adults).
~A person who has done medical treatments like giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation on your child.
~Children sharing toys, such as in group day care centres, family day care, or in nurseries.

By law, doctors treating patients with suspected or confirmed meningococcal disease must notify the health department- Department of Human Services (DHS). They may contact you for more information. Your doctor and DHS will let you know who needs to have antibiotic treatment.

Antibiotics
Rifampicin is the antibiotic medication that is used to eliminate the meningococcus bacteria from the contact people. This will prevent it being passed on to others. Usually two doses are given each day for two days.

Any contacts who need to take rifampicin must tell their doctor if they:

~Take medicine for epilepsy
~Take medicine that this the blood (such as warfarin)
~May be pregnant or are breastfeeding
~Have a history of liver or kidney disease
~Have had a reaction to rifampicin in the past.
~These people should not take rifampicin. There are other medicines they can take.